Pros and Cons of Minimum Wage

Pros 1. Reduced poverty The minimum wage can improve the living standard of low-income workers, which ultimately reduce poverty. According to the International Labor Office (2005), reducing poverty and working poverty requires both productivity growth and employment creation. The World Development Report 2004-05 also stated that there is strong empirical evidence that creating decent employment opportunities is the best way to take people out of poverty. As a result, the wealth gap between the rich and the poor can be narrowed.The Keynesian argument for minimum wages – this suggests that lower-income workers have a high propensity to consume, and that with the extra disposable income from minimum wage, they will spend a high portion the sum which will be injected back into the circular flow of income. In regions and localities where average incomes are low, a higher minimum pay rate can boost total demand for goods and services and create a positive multiplier effect – but much depends on the effect of a pay floor on how many people remain in work. . Reduced government spending on social welfare Since workers are being paid more per hour, their increased purchasing power enable them to meet pay for their basic needs on their own, without relying on government â€Å"top-up† welfare benefits. Therefore, this can greatly reduce the government expenditure on the social welfare, and the spending can be used in other ways, such as education and medication. Cons 1. Reduced employment of the less-skilled workersImplementation of minimum wage can reduce the employment of the less-skilled workers (Neumark & Wascher, 2008). According to The Wall Street Journal (2009), Economists for the Federal Reserve reviewed over 100 academic studies on the impact of the minimum wage and found overwhelming evidence that lower skilled and young workers have increased rates of unemployment when there is a higher minimum wage. These workers are laid off as their emplo yer finds that the employee’s labor is not worth the required age, but additionally employers are filling these jobs with higher skilled labor (Garfield, 1996). Additionally, many others pointed out the importance of the entry level jobs and observed that the loss of these jobs would have a negative impact on the development of a good work ethic in young workers (Irvin, 2009). 2. Shift the cost to consumers The increase in the minimum wage has caused many of these small businesses to raise their prices just to cover costs (Messerli, 2009).As labour is a factor of production, an increase in the average cost of labour will push up the unit cost of products. With the persistent increase in the general price level, there will be at a risk of inflation. 3. Difficult for small businesses to survive in the market Some small businesses may find it difficult to survive in the economy because they cannot afford to pay the minimum wage stipulated by the law. It obstructs their chances o f growth and thereby hampers the economic growth in the larger context.Though some of these companies would charge higher to the consumers, consumers may eventually decide that the high prices cannot be justified and the small business is forced to close (Messerli, 2009). 4. Shadow labour markets may develop Due to the surplus of labour, more people are willing to work at the minimum price than employers are willing to hire, and it is likely that workers will try to sell their services at illegally low prices. These workers are often, especially in America, illegal immigrants who are hired in favour of tax paying citizens.This will cause a decrease in tax revenue as more workers are not reporting their incomes, and an increase in the amount of unemployment benefits the government will have to pay out. The minimum wage benefits those who are employed at it and disadvantages those who loose out on potential employment because of employers hiring from a shadow labour market. The effect of minimum wages on unemployment will depend on the elasticity of demand for labour. If the demand for labour is inelastic, the introduction f minimum wages will only increase unemployment a little. Job losses may simply be due to the increase in labour cost which would result in a lower demand for labour. **** 5. Distortion to the free market Minimum wages are a barrier to the free market. If the minimum wage is set above the market clearing price, it will result in rising unemployment. Some firms will judge the opportunity cost of hiring an extra employee too high and this may prevent some workers from finding jobs who otherwise would normally find it.In a totally free market, they may be willing to accept lower wages. However, even if the artificial barrier were not present, the action of trade unions would greatly limit the wage reduction that workers would tolerate. Rather than have the entirety of the workers in a union take a pay cut, it is more likely that some will be fire d and the rest will continue work at the same wage rate. This means that even in a free market, the offer of lower wages can result in unemployment due to the effect of sticky wages.Equally, in some cases, when wages drop too low, people are willing to forgo employment. This is because the benefits of being employed are hardly greater than the unemployment benefits they would receive otherwise. This is known as the unemployment trap and its result is that even in a free market, if the equilibrium price is too low, unemployment will rise. For the two aforementioned reasons it is impossible to say that the imposition of a minimum wage will definitely cause higher unemployment than if wages were left to the invisible hand of the free market.Reference: Garfield, R. , (1996). â€Å"The Case Against a Higher Minimum Wage†. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://www. house. gov/jec/cost-gov/regs/minimum/against/against. htm International Labour Office (2005). World employment report 2 004-05: employment, productivity and poverty reduction. , p. p. 31. Irvin, M. , (2009). â€Å"Minimum Wage Increase Pleases Workers, But Employers Not So Happy†. Retrieved March 8, 2012, from http://blog. al. com/live/2009/07/minimum_wage_increase_pleases. html Messerli, J. (2009). â€Å"Should the Minimum Wage be Abolished (i. e. Reduced to $0. 00)? †. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://www. balancedpolitics. org/minimum_wage. htm Neumark, David (Editor); Wascher, William L. (Editor). Minimum Wages. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2008. p. 104-105, 189-190, 258-259. The Wall Street Journal, (2009, October). â€Å"The Young and the Jobless†, The Wall Street Journal, at A12. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052970203440104574402820278669840. html

Paying Attention to Foreign Affairs: How Public Opinion Affects Presidential Decision Making Essay

              The foreign policy of United States has been altered since the era of George Washington. Even though Americans pay consideration to counsel of their respected founder, this is not enough because the world is different. Many people who have shaped the American foreign policy currently, admit the fact that membership to the world community makes United States not to ignore the significance of getting along. One of way in which public influence has or can influence foreign policy is through political leadership, this means that those politicians lead the American public to embrace certain issues. Research have shown that most Americans are ill formed and uncertain on foreign affairs because it is thought that leaders generally disregarded mass inclinations when making their foreign policy choices. Another way is through political responsiveness whereby normal politicians set aside their own principles and obediently follows the public opinion (Knecht and Thomas, 2010). Recent research shown that American public both holds foreign policy opinions and cares about foreign affairs that are normal and constant.                For any society that decides to terminate the period of discrimination, it must face the alike ethical dilemma. For instance, if everybody is given the right not to be discriminated against race, there is high probability of helping those victims who undergone past discrimination and the racial inclination is lost. Moreover if those members of the earlier omitted groups are preferred on basis of race then there is denial of right to prevent racial discrimination among other people. In my opinion generating a program is the best idea since it will assist much those victims who had suffered such unethical treatment of racial discrimination in past instead of applying racial preference. This program will fulfil the racial non-discrimination rule because the basis for help would be individual hurt and not racial identity. However, it will only assist a portion of those who are now benefiting from race-based confirmatory act (Higginbotham, 2013).               Due to frequent exhibitions of racial discrimination, it is evident that in some areas of the world and by governmental strategies centered on hatred or racial superiority, for example the apartheid, racial segregation is an ideal issue in any human society. However, the issue of affirmative action was suggested during reconstruction period which led to U.S civil war. When the battle ended, those groups of people who were in the southern region owned nothing and had inadequate skills which could help them to earn a living. The groups appealed for equal rights and wanted opportunity in the public grounds of employment and education to be equal. In various ways, they succeeded and as affirmative action developed, however, it portrayed rise of criticism from whites and men who viewed it as an â€Å"opposite segregation†. The debate over affirmative action has rotated around a collection of highly charged words, which sometimes complicates, instead of enlig htening the discussion. Therefore it is significant to note that affirmative action play as a control where discrimination has been found to exist or approved. Goals serve as one measure of non-discrimination and of the efficiency of affirmation achievement efforts, not as a directive for female employment or minority (Raza et. Al, 1999).               The implications of international economic policy on foreign policymaking has become more difficult in the period of globalization since the number of players that require to be engaged along has increased. Referring from the traditional foreign policy, only few number of governments could deal with each other on moderately number of issues in accordance to the established terms and conditions. Currently, however, that cannot apply for national interests to be considered. There is now, in accumulation to rising number of countries, an innumerable of fresh players which want to be considered as awn domestic addressees as well as the domestic addressees of the countries wants powerful economic units (Burns, 2010). References Burns, R N, Jonathon Price, Jr J. S. Nye, and Brent Scowcroft. The Global Economic Crisis: And Potential Implications for Foreign Policy and National Security. Aspen Institute, The, 2010. Print. Higginbotham, F M. Ghosts of Jim Crow: Ending Racism in Post-Racial America. , 2013. Print. Raza, M A, A J. Anderson, and Harry G. Custred. The Ups and Downs of Affirmative Action Preferences. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1999. Print. Knecht, Thomas. Paying Attention to Foreign Affairs: How Public Opinion Affects Presidential Decision Making. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010. Print. Source document

See instructions-SIP analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

See instructions-SIP analysis - Essay Example es Climate, Achievement and Participation (CAP), all of which are part of the student learning and betterment of provision of educational services to them. Goals set by the district such as enhanced achievement of students, professional achievement of instructors and expansion of recruitment of qualified teachers. The inquiry process incorporates key strengths that should be a part of the improvement plan along with priority concerns related to â€Å"student achievement, instruction, remediation strategies, program implementation and professional development†. For each priority concern, the root causes and solutions are given. Master design plan, section A includes action and monitoring plans that should be taken in the lieu of improvement. For action plan, resources for implementation, time period and responsible people are described, similarly in monitoring plan, the success for implementation measurement, time period and responsible people are elaborated. In section B of master design plan, the evaluating plan for implementation is given that is helpful for measuring success of the plan. Under the heading of completing the SIP plan, several questions are asked, which should be answered using the concepts of CAP. These questions are related to policies and practices, testing systems, instructional strategies, available resources, funding, etc. At the end, budget for the overall cost of carrying out the plan is given that incorporates funds required for goals accomplishment and funds available. The School Improvement Plan can be linked to School Assessment Results based on goals and objectives designed for the improvement of student education. There are many programs that are started by the school management in order to get good results such as â€Å"Success For All† reading program, â€Å"Everyday Math† program and writing programs such as â€Å"Set-Up to Writing†, â€Å"Write Traits†, â€Å"Thinking Maps† for enhancing writing skills of students. The School

Case Study Foreign Direct Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Case Study Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example Consolidation in the United States with a penetrating strategy was also chosen based on the fact that the major competitors were on the verge of facing very adversity publicity, and the company had a product that could do the reverse nutritionally, if it is able to capitalize on the opportunity. Investment in terms of alliance in organic farming in Europe where projections are for double digits growth in that sector was also a viable option that North Western could pursue, due to the complementarities of both products to a growing health conscious society. In moving into such an alliance, the present management structure would require significant changes, as experts in this field will have to be recruited to strengthen perceived areas of weaknesses in advance, so that timely and informed decisions can be made. Going oversees in term of South Africa and or the Vietnamese markets will definitely challenged the competence of the organization, especially from cultural perspectives, as we ll as the levels of leadership representation required to negotiate with the government and private sector interest. Sensitivity to the needs of the environment, especially as it relates to environmentalists groups will require the adoption of new approach to maintain the stable climates that are conducive to its growth and development on a continuous basis, will prove crucial. North Western will do well to look at its financial commitment, the threats from competitors, the dwindling sales and market shares, as well as the attractive market options that are available now but may not be six months later, and make decisions, even changes in the leadership structure to reflect what qualities will be required to meet challenges in the national and global environments. Strategic Development Directions 1 North Western Corporation is a major manufacturer of health drinks and distributor of fusion nutrition health drink. Presently it has a 15% market share in the US and 12% in Europe. Howev er, these percentages were much higher six months ago. There is a cause for concern insofar as the strategy to deploy to change the scenario, increase percentage profitability, and consolidate its position as a major competitor in the market place. The managing director Leslie Owen and his Oregon City team knows that economic down turn is only one of the reasons why his company is not doing so well as this point in time. This team of managers are going to be provided with the options to consider, with a bank balance in excess of $500 million dollars, a Research and Development that is has to produce at least five new brands for the market, are advantages to bear in mind insofar as options are presented. Strategy Development Directions for North Western Corporation will include four different approach, from which management will make the choice that will reflect its best interest. Based on market intelligence North Western prices are competitive with other products in the market. How ever, the company is not satisfied with its returns and market share, and has decided to engage in market penetration strategy to reduce the level of competition. The company has already profited from all these products and is in the process of introducing additional products to the market. This is reminiscent of Sony according to Berkowitz, et al (2000), which in1995,

Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers Essay

Quantitative and Analytical Techniques for Managers - Essay Example The regions that lie below the lower quartile of Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita in 2007 (Yuan) are Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and Gansu. However, the regions that fall below the lower quartile of the Gross Regional Product per Capita 2007 (Yuan) are Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Yunnan, Tibet and Gansu. The measures of central tendency have both strengths and weaknesses, for example, if the range between the highest and lowest figures is high, then the measures may be skewed. There are also effects of the outliers that may lead to wrong conclusion. However, the measures of central tendency are more advantageous because they help in working out the average score effectively and efficiciently. Table 1: descriptive statistics for Gross Regional Product per Capita 2007 (Yuan) Anderson-Darling A-Squared 2.450 p 0.000 95% Critical Value 0.787 99% Critical Value 1.092 Mean 21973.419 Mode #N/A Standard Deviation 13987.063 Variance 195637923.385 Skewedness 1.852 Kurtosis 3.263 N 31.000 Minimum 6915.000 1st Quartile 13575.000 Median 16206.000 3rd Quartile 25818.500 Maximum 66367.000 Confidence Interval 5130.496 for Mean (Mu) 16842.923 0.95 27103.915 For Stdev (sigma) 11177.229 18696.134 for Median 14492.000 19877.000 Table 2: descriptive statistics for Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita in 2007 (Yuan) Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita in 2007 (Yuan) Anderson-Darling A-Squared 1.632 p 0.000 95% Critical Value 0.787 99% Critical Value 1.092 Mean 10853.088 Mode #N/A Standard Deviation 6002.990 Variance 36035892.274 Skewedness 1.412 Kurtosis 1.492 N 31.000 Minimum 3619.860 1st Quartile 6183.730 Median 8947.050 3rd Quartile 13306.875 Maximum 27133.480 Confidence Interval 2201.915 for Mean (Mu) 8651.173 0.95 13055.002 For Stdev (sigma) 4797.061 8024.037 for Median 7525.730 10499.510 1 Calculate Pearson’s correlation coefficient between Gross Regional Product per Capita and Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita and dis cuss its size, sign and significance. Why do you think the correlation is high? In statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (denoted by r) measures the linear correlation or linear dependence that occurs between linear variables. For example, in this case, the Gross Regional Product per Capita and Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita are the main variables. This measure shows then strength of the correlation or linear dependence between the main variables. The variable may take the value of +1 and ?1 both inclusive. If the correlation is +1 or -1, then variables are perfectly correlated. However, the inference is always the bone of contention as it depends on these rules. In this case the correlation is 0.934093899531846, this is strong correlation. It indicates that the Gross Regional Product per Capita 2007 (Yuan) and the Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita in 2007 (Yuan) are strongly correlated Pearson Product Moment Correlation - Ungrouped Data Statist ic Gross Regional Product per Capita Gross Fixed Capital Formation per Capita Mean 21973.4193548387 10853.0877419355 Biased Variance 189327022.630593 34873444.1364433 Biased Standard Deviation 13759.6156425459 5905.37417412676 Covariance 78430448.3909785 Correlation 0.934093899531846 Determination 0.87253141314261 T-Test 14.089252394164 p-value (2 sided)

Multicultural Mall Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multicultural Mall - Essay Example In relation to this, their attitude could also be an additional criterion to know how effective the proposal is. If the community gets actively involved, not only patronizing the business but sharing their skills and talents as well as investing in the venture, then it is a sign that the people agree with the project’s establishment. Moreover, the number of people participating will also tell how successful the business is. If there are only a few who are interested in the business, it means that the business could either stagnate or fall. However, when there are numerous people participating, it shows that there are many who are interested in the business. The reason why this is important is because in business, it is known that the people are the ones who will bring the money in. The more prospective customers entering the multicultural mall mean more profit for the businessmen. Moreover, when more tourists are attracted to the place, it implies the success of the enterprise . Lastly, with the convenience of online shopping nowadays, inquiries , requests and patronage tells how well the business is

Classical Films vs. Art Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Classical Films vs. Art Films - Essay Example Two significant cinematographic modes defined by the methods of studio production and compliance with a set of related standards are classical Hollywood cinema and art film. Form the body of related research literature, it becomes clear that classical Hollywood cinema mode is that resting upon the set of traditions and stylistic devices descending for the Classical era of cinematography. Classical mode is distinguished by restricted ambiguity and uncertainty, resolution of the crises and moral dilemmas by the end of the narrative, visibility of causal relationships. This approach is marked by the technical means’ subordination to presentation of events and by decreased value of the motion picture as an artefact: it is the content of the narrative that draws primary attention, with the plot-related questions emerging in the viewers’ minds. Development of the narrative is usually logical, clear and occurs in the chronological order, while the scenes are glued together sea mlessly creating a smooth flow supported by appropriate music scores. The described characteristics of the classical cinema mode are derived from the function cinema is expected to perform within this mode: classical Hollywood cinematographic products are intended to entertain the audience, with the key stress being placed on action. In order to insure completion of this task, production process uses technical aspects such as lighting, mise-en-scene, music score and cinematographic properties making the comprehension of the narration easier.

A global perspective on the social determinant of health Essay

A global perspective on the social determinant of health - Essay Example This has happened to the extent that these days the word globalization has become synonymous with efficiency, economic opportunity and overall human security. While such developments are partially true there is also another side to the story. While the advanced nations of hemispheric West have had benign consequences as a result of globalization, key human development parameters of most Third World countries have fallen proportionately. Hence, it is difficult to present a blanket view of the impact of globalization on public health. In light of this fact, this essay will attempt to attain a nuanced understanding of globalization’s overall effect on public health outcomes across the world. This is done by way of perusing authentic scholarship on the subject. The litmus test for the efficiency and effectiveness of any public health system is its performance in a crisis situation. Civil societies have come to expect basic protections at the time of these crises. Such emergencies also test a government’s true ability to act under pressure. In other words, â€Å"they define a states capacity to protect its population while exposing its vulnerabilities to political upheaval in the aftermath of poorly managed crises† (Gorin, 2002). In the context of economic globalization at the turn of the new millennium, more than ever before, the general public demand transparency and accountability in global public health systems during medical and natural disasters. To gauge the robustness of public health systems in this new globalization paradigm, we need to study recent cases of acute public health emergencies. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 and Hurricane Katrina are particularly relevant to this analysis. â€Å"Hurricane Katrina was unique in that the U.S. government accepted bilateral and multilateral relief aid, a rare event in modern times. In the aftermath of the Indian Ocean tsunami, enough formal external resources prevented the public health emergency from

Balloon Frame Constructions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Balloon Frame Constructions - Essay Example The studs of wood are used to erect walls from the foundation up to the roofline that is long, concealed and is obstructed by the ventricle channels. The floor joint are normally hung from the wall studs. .Incase fire elapses in this kind of construction it spreads from the lower floors up to the floor level which leads to the collapse of the structure (Avillo, 2002, p.123). The ventricle combustion spaces are found between the walls of the studs of a balloon frame building enhancing the spread of fires from one door to the next. In case the fire spreads into the stud space or if it originates from the stud place it easily spreads from the ventricle cavity into the horizontal joints and into the attic space. When re-modeling a balloon frame building, fire stopping techniques may or may not be installed .The reason for this decision is because installation of the fire protective mechanisms can be an expensive process. It has been observed that the sprinklers cannot be used in extinguishing fires in the balloon fire structures. The basement of the balloon-frame building can easily catch fire; this is because it has an impediment access to the entire structure through using the unfirestoppable walls.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology Essay Example for Free

Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology Essay Technology began when man started to control and modify nature to meet his needs.   Prior to the 20th Century, technology was identified with skilled men and women who passed their expertise and know-how from one generation to another.   Back then technology was associated with new techniques, new processes and new methods of doing things.   With the scientific revolution in the 20th Century, the concept of technology changed.   It is now closely associated with gadgets, products and innovative scientific inventions. This essay examines the advantages and disadvantages of two simple technological innovations: the stun gun and the police car video surveillance.    Their impact, advantages and disadvantages to the society will be evaluated for purpose of deeper appreciation of their use. Advantages and Disadvantages of Stun Guns and Police Car Video Surveillance Technology is closely tied with the concept of innovation.   There was a time when law enforcement officers utilized the wooden batons as their only weapons against violent individuals who resisted arrest (Scott Oldham, 2005, p.1).   In view of the lack of effective weapons that they can use to apprehend and subdue suspects, encounters between law enforcement officers and suspects often lead to a bloody fight.   As a result either the police officer or the suspect ends up getting seriously hurt or killed. Read more:  Technology Advantages and Disadvantages Essay There was also a time when law enforcement officers had to rely on their recollection of the events during dangerous situations.   They had to record the license number of the suspect’s getaway vehicle, remember their faces and the kind of weapons used.   If they were able to arrest the suspects after a dangerous situation, suspects often filed suits against law enforcement officers alleging brutality and violence they experienced in the hands of the police officers.   There being no other witnesses, the police officer had always been placed in jeopardy of being maliciously sued by a suspect he had arrested in his line of duty. With the use of technology, man was able to control and modify nature for the purpose of satisfying his own needs. Law enforcement officers have found simple solutions to their everyday problems.   With the use of stun guns police officers were able to harness the power of electricity.   They were able to control the volt and use it to apprehend violent suspects by incapacitating them temporarily. With the discovery of stun guns, police officers no longer have to worry about getting hurt or hurting anybody in the course of the arrest.   In case a suspect resists arrest and becomes really violent, the law enforcement officer only has to press this gun against the body of the suspect.   It will release an electronic charge that is high in voltage that can disable the suspect for 20 to 30minutes enough time for them to place handcuff on the suspect. Police officers no longer have to worry about the possibility of them forgetting the suspect’s face or the license number of the vehicle or the kind of weapon used.   He also need not fear that suits for excessive violence and brutality may be filed against him because there is physical evidence that can be presented before the court.   Law enforcement officers only have to produce the recording of his patrol car video surveillance and present it in court to disprove the false and malicious accusations against him. Just like any technology, however, it can be abused.   In the hands of an abusive law enforcement officer, stun guns may cause serious injury against a suspect if not used properly.   According to United Nations Committee use of stun guns by the police may cause extreme pain and in certain cases may lead to death.   (David Morgan, 2007, p.2)   It has been reported that since 1999, 80 people have died and others have been seriously injured by police using electronic stun gun which negate the claims that they are non lethal weapons.   (Greg Mathis, 2005, p.1) Use of police car video surveillance may be advantageous for some but it may pose a serious constitutional challenge for others.  Ã‚   Lawyers have challenged the legality of the act of police officers using their video camera as proof to apprehend those who commit over speeding and those who run against red lights.   Their contention is that the owners of the car are automatically considered guilty and imposed a penalty even if it may be possible that the car owners were not driving the vehicles at the time the infraction was committed.   Aside from constitutional violation of presumption of innocence, some police officers may use the video camera for the purpose of invading the privacy of private individuals. Conclusion Technology is indeed the successful attempt by man to control and modify nature for the purpose of satisfying human needs and providing solutions to his problem.   It may happen that the technology may turn into something that it is intended to do or to something that it is not intended to.   This is precisely what technology is.   It may turn out beneficial to mankind but it may also pose serious risks for us. In the case of stun guns, I believe it is still one of the most non-lethal instruments that police officers can utilize against suspects.   It would be better however if police officers are educated on its use and its dangers before they are allowed to use these instruments.   The same thing is true for video surveillance which is most effective if it is utilized for strictly law enforcement work.   These instruments therefore are not dangerous in themselves.   They are not evil in themselves.   Problem starts when those who utilize it use it improperly.   This problem could be remedied by proper orientation and training so that old and new law enforcement officers may be advised on how to properly utilize these new pieces of technology.

Vietnam Country and Culture

Vietnam Country and Culture Vietnam Essay Vietnam has a huge population and it measures to be around 95,414,640. That is way more than californias population only being 37,253,956 as of now. The capital of vietnam is called Hanoi, Hanoi is known for its architecture and a rich culture with Southeast Asian, Chinese and French impact. Vietnams four largest cities are Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Da Nang, and Haiphong. If the population of these cities were to merge, the population would be 6,253,789. Also the money/currency that they use is called Vietnamese dong. One u.s dollar is equivalent to 22642.50 Vietnamese Dong. Some good attractions in Vietnam are Hoan Kiem Lake, Thien Mu Pagoda and Halong Bay. Hoan Kiem Lake is located in Hanoi which is the capital of vietnam. Thien Mu Pagoda is located in Hue and it is a city in central Vietnam.Then, Halong Bay is in northeast Vietnam and it is known for its emerald waters and thousands of limestone islands topped by rainforests. The top accommodation in Vietnam is called Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi by popularity. Vietnam has reached great results in literacy reaching to be 90% in just primary education. For adults and youth together, they would make the percentage go up to be 94%. For languages in vietnam, the percentage of people who speak vietnamese is 90 to 85% and the remaining 10% to 15% come from other backgrounds. Children must at least complete their secondary education to move farther. Students are not free to choose what they study. They have to complete all their courses that need to be completed. Agricultural products accounted to be around 30% of exports in vietnam.The agricultural products vary to be rice, cotton, peanuts, rubber, sugarcane and tea. Gross national product in vietnam increased to 3977610.00 VND billion. The per capita income in vietnam is 5,070 PPP dollars. In cambodia the per capita is only 2,890 PPP dollars. Vietnams per capita income is way more than cambodias income. Vietnam people in the urban areas, live like any other country, except only about 30% of the population of vietnam lives in urban area, they usually live in cramped apartments, some cities such as Ho Chi Minh, or Hanoi is mainly a urban area. People lives in villages in rural area, which is about 70% of the vietnamese populations, 60% of Vietnamese Workforce is farmers, where they grows food for their families, and hoping to make some money by moving to the cities and selling them at farmers markets. Vietnams customs follow Buddhism, and Confucianism, focuses on five different subjects, such as Ruler and Subject, Husband and Wife, Parents and Children, Brothers and Sisters, Friend and Friend, it stress duty, loyalty, honor, respect for age and seniority. Buddhism believe in a spiritual path, led by Buddha Shakyamuni in ancient India, as purified the mind, into a peaceful state of mind, removing any negative affects. You can have face, or lose faces in vietnam, you have to compliment people, or business, to receive faces. Some of vietnam most populars dish, is Pho, which people usually eat with bo, which is beef, and I see it like the equivalent of ramen or italian pasta. Other foods such as Banh Cuon, or Rolled Rice Pancake, which is a soft like roll that contained diced up meats, veggies, and includes condiments such as hot nuoc mam (fish sauce), vegetable side condiment plate where it has several vietnamese vegetables such as mints. We have a vietnam war memorial, located in Hanoi which is our capital. Vietnam is one of the least religious country, however some still have beliefs, and some of the major religion is Buddhism, Caodaism and Confucianism. Many of these religions respect, and have standards for family, which is why etiquette is so valuable. Vietnam believe in Confucianism, and Buddhism, which Buddhism is created by Shakyamuni Buddha, who was a monk that came to vietnam in early time, he believed in meditations, and a spiritual path, which many vietnamese monks started meditating and practicing his teachings. Confucianism doesnt always have to be perceived as a religion, they could be a ideology or a philosophy, who he wanted to understand everything, using old teachings back then, to understand the roots of cultural ceremonies. Both religion dont usually believe it ultimate goal, the ultimate entity is god, even though they worship creators of that religions, both religion main purpose is to achieve a more positive, or ethical way of life. Forms of Vietnamese music include hat cheo (traditional folk opera), hat tuong (classical drama), hat cai luong (modern theater), quan ho (folk songs, with dialogues sung between women and women), and more variations of regional folks songs. The first Vietnamese Television was aired around 1966, when the American setup a American channel and a Vietnamese Channel to send out announcements. VTV is the main channels for vietnamese television, and contains many version of popular Vietnamese-versions of US shows  shows, such as, Vietnam Idol, Vietnams Got Talent, or The Voice of Vietnam. Nobody had really known the origin of Vietnam, however in mythology, Huong Vuong was rumored to be the first ruler of Vietnam, during 111 B.C. and China ruled 111 B.C. until the 15th century, which was 1000 years of control of Vietnam, during the age of exploration, independent kingdoms unified which begins the start the independence of Vietnam. The Size and area of Vietnam is 128,455mi2. The continent that Vietnam is located in is Asia. The climate of Vietnam has a temperate region meaning it lies between the polar and tropic regions of the Earth. The changes between winter and summer are moderate. It has a high rate of rainfall, high humidity, and a considerable amount of sun.These are the political features of the country Vietnam. The population of people in Vietnam is 89.71 million and the capital of Vietnam is Hanoi. Hanoi is known for their old architecture that are centuries old in Vietnam. Some large cities in Vietnam are Ho Chi Minh city, Hanoi, Da Nang, and Haiphong. The unit of money currency in Vietnam that is used in daily life is Dong, these are the political features of Vietnam. The President or the head of the state in Vietnam is Tran Dai Quang. Some army forces is the ministry of Vietnam, the peoples army of Vietnam, and the Vietnam border defence force. The crime rate of corruption and bribery in Vietnam is high and the crime rate of property crimes such as vandalism and theft is moderate. The safety issues is pick pocketing, guns are illegal so they are thieves are usually unarmed except for a knife and such, trafficking illegal drugs come with a severe punishment if caught. Some courts of Vietnam are the Judicial system, supreme court, and the Justice system. The current type of government in Vietnam is led by a one party system which is also led by the communist party of Vietnam.

Shakespearean Theater :: William Shakespeare

Shakespeare was fortunate to begin his career in the late 1500s, when English theater was going through major changes. Professional actors had been performing in England for centuries. Called "Players," they traveled from town to town, setting up makeshift stages in public halls, marketplaces, and the courtyards of inns. Often they met hostility from local authorities, who believed that crowds of playgoers were a magnet for crime and also contributed to the spread of disease. Actor James Burbage built England?s first permanent playhouse in 1576. Other open-air theaters sprang up during the next few decades. These playhouses were all located in the suburbs rather than in London, which had strict laws governing entertainment. In 1599 Shakespeare's built their own playhouse, the Globe. This roughly circular building had three levels of covered galleries. A platform stage about forty feet wide projected out into the open courtyard, where people who paid the lowest admission price could stand and watch the play. Admission to the gallery benches cost about twice as much. Wealthy people paid sixpence (what a skilled laborer earned in a day) to sit in the "lords' room," the part of the gallery directly over the stage. In all, Shakespeare's Globe could accommodate about 3,000 spectators. Toward the end of his career, his company acquired a fully enclosed theater in London for the winter season. The stage at the Globe had trapdoors for the entrance and exit of actors playing ghosts or other supernatural characters. At the back of the main stage was a small, curtained inner stage used for indoor scenes. Above this stood a two tiered gallery. The first tier was used to stage balcony and bedroom scenes, the second to house musicians. Sound effects, such as the booming of thunder, were produced in a hut on top of the stage roof. All performances took place in the afternoon because there was no artificial lighting. The stage was mostly bare. There were few props and no movable scenery. Instead of relying on scenery, Shakespeare used descriptive language to help audiences visualize the settings of his plays. For example, his long descriptions of the moon are more than just beautiful writing---they reminded Elizabethan audiences that the characters were meeting at night. What the Elizabethan stage lacked in scenery, it made up for in costumes. Shakespeare?s audiences considered clothing an important indication of social rank, so they demanded extravagant?if not always historically accurate---costuming. Along with its playbooks, an elaborate wardrobe was an Elizabethan theater company? Shakespearean Theater :: William Shakespeare Shakespeare was fortunate to begin his career in the late 1500s, when English theater was going through major changes. Professional actors had been performing in England for centuries. Called "Players," they traveled from town to town, setting up makeshift stages in public halls, marketplaces, and the courtyards of inns. Often they met hostility from local authorities, who believed that crowds of playgoers were a magnet for crime and also contributed to the spread of disease. Actor James Burbage built England?s first permanent playhouse in 1576. Other open-air theaters sprang up during the next few decades. These playhouses were all located in the suburbs rather than in London, which had strict laws governing entertainment. In 1599 Shakespeare's built their own playhouse, the Globe. This roughly circular building had three levels of covered galleries. A platform stage about forty feet wide projected out into the open courtyard, where people who paid the lowest admission price could stand and watch the play. Admission to the gallery benches cost about twice as much. Wealthy people paid sixpence (what a skilled laborer earned in a day) to sit in the "lords' room," the part of the gallery directly over the stage. In all, Shakespeare's Globe could accommodate about 3,000 spectators. Toward the end of his career, his company acquired a fully enclosed theater in London for the winter season. The stage at the Globe had trapdoors for the entrance and exit of actors playing ghosts or other supernatural characters. At the back of the main stage was a small, curtained inner stage used for indoor scenes. Above this stood a two tiered gallery. The first tier was used to stage balcony and bedroom scenes, the second to house musicians. Sound effects, such as the booming of thunder, were produced in a hut on top of the stage roof. All performances took place in the afternoon because there was no artificial lighting. The stage was mostly bare. There were few props and no movable scenery. Instead of relying on scenery, Shakespeare used descriptive language to help audiences visualize the settings of his plays. For example, his long descriptions of the moon are more than just beautiful writing---they reminded Elizabethan audiences that the characters were meeting at night. What the Elizabethan stage lacked in scenery, it made up for in costumes. Shakespeare?s audiences considered clothing an important indication of social rank, so they demanded extravagant?if not always historically accurate---costuming. Along with its playbooks, an elaborate wardrobe was an Elizabethan theater company?

Essay on Gender in William Shakespeares Sonnets :: Shakespeare Sonnet

Gender in Shakespeare’s Sonnets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much has been made (by those who have chosen to notice) of the fact that in Shakespeare's sonnets, the beloved is a young man. It is remarkable, from a historical point of view, and raises intriguing, though unanswerable, questions about the nature of Shakespeare's relationship to the young man who inspired these sonnets. Given 16th-Century England's censorious attitudes towards homosexuality, it might seem surprising that Will's beloved is male. However, in terms of the conventions of the poetry of idealized, courtly love, it makes surprisingly little difference whether Will's beloved is male or female; to put the matter more strongly, in some ways it makes more sense for the beloved to be male. Will's beloved is "more lovely and more temperate (18.2)" than a summer's day; "the tenth Muse (38.9);" "'Fair,' 'kind,' and 'true' (105.9);" the sun that shines "with all triumphant splendor (33.10)." We've heard all this before. This idealization of the loved one is perhaps the most common, traditional feature of love poetry. Taken to its logical conclusion, however, idealized love has some surprising implications. To idealize the beloved is to claim for them (or, in a sense, to endow them with) certain characteristics. The Ideal is the One--perfect, self-sufficient, unified, complete. The Ideal doesn't need anything. The consistent, static, homogeneous Sun is ideal; the changeable, inconsistent Moon is not. Insofar as the Ideal is the One, it is also the True. The image coincides with reality; looks do not deceive. There is, for Will, a battle between his eye and heart--"Mine eye and heart are at a mortal war / How to divide the conquest of thy sight: (46.1-2)"--but they are not disagreeing about value: ". . . mine eye's due is thy outward part, / And my heart's right thy inward love of heart (13-14)." Inward and outward are in harmony; the beautiful is the good. This could create a problem, since the beloved eventually is going to grow old and ugly and then die and be food for worms. There is in the sonnets definitely a concern with the ravages of "Time's scythe." And Will does not say "I'll love you when you are old and ugly." The body will wither and die. But the Ideal can be saved, if one prints off more images. Will exhorts his beloved to reproduce, "breed another thee (6.

Eudora Weltys The Ponder Heart :: Eudora Weltys The Ponder Heart

Eudora Welty's The Ponder Heart There are many different ways to categorize The Ponder Heart. Some critics have said that it could be a dramatic monologue, a comic monologue, or a point of view. In the article "Seeing through Edna Earle: The Ponder Heart as a Dramatic Monologue," the author is not clear whether the novel is a dramatic monologue or not. In A Handbook to Literaturethere is a very clear definition of a dramatic monologue. A dramatic monologue is defined as "a poem that reveals, a "soul in action" through the speech of one character in a dramatic situation."The Ponder Heartis close to a dramatic monologue because "There is a speaker: Edna Earle Ponder. There is an audience: a stranger. There is an occasion: we find ourselves in the parlor of the Beulan Hotel" (Nissen, 1). The "point of view" is defined by Nissen as "the nexus of our interpretation of the novel's characters, events, and thematic significance"We get this information from Edna Earle as she tells us of her stories. It is her "point of view" we receive and see. To understand the monologue character, I have some different descriptions of Edna Earle. Edna Earle has been labeled in many different ways. "She has been accused of being just about everything from bossy to narrow-minded to just plain dumb" (Nissen, 2). She has been labeled as "a talkative, frustrated, limited, boring woman, desperately trying to keep her house in order," according to another critic, Kreyling. I do not see this at all in Edna Earle's character. It seems that Edna Earle is in charge of the town gossip. She runs the main hotel in town, her family is very important people in this town, and that is why she gets all of the gossip. Small town's talk about everything. Edna Earle is a strong but lonely woman. I believe that she talks about the town gossip so her listener will stay with her. That way she is not left alone. Another critic by the name of Robert Laugbaum says that Edna Earle, " is a bit of a snob, she is opinionated and speaks her mind."I agree with this when Edna Earle speaks of Bonnie Dee Peacock. She talks about Bonnie Dee's intellegence, the way she dresses, and suggests that she is railroad trash. It makes the reader believe that Edna Earle is better than Bonnie Dee. Except, deep down, Edna Earle actually likes Bonnie Dee because when she died, "one of the last things she says is that she misses Bonnie Dee" (Nissen, 4). In the article "Seeing through Edna Earle: The Ponder Heartas a Dramatic Eudora Welty's The Ponder Heart :: Eudora Welty's The Ponder Heart Eudora Welty's The Ponder Heart There are many different ways to categorize The Ponder Heart. Some critics have said that it could be a dramatic monologue, a comic monologue, or a point of view. In the article "Seeing through Edna Earle: The Ponder Heart as a Dramatic Monologue," the author is not clear whether the novel is a dramatic monologue or not. In A Handbook to Literaturethere is a very clear definition of a dramatic monologue. A dramatic monologue is defined as "a poem that reveals, a "soul in action" through the speech of one character in a dramatic situation."The Ponder Heartis close to a dramatic monologue because "There is a speaker: Edna Earle Ponder. There is an audience: a stranger. There is an occasion: we find ourselves in the parlor of the Beulan Hotel" (Nissen, 1). The "point of view" is defined by Nissen as "the nexus of our interpretation of the novel's characters, events, and thematic significance"We get this information from Edna Earle as she tells us of her stories. It is her "point of view" we receive and see. To understand the monologue character, I have some different descriptions of Edna Earle. Edna Earle has been labeled in many different ways. "She has been accused of being just about everything from bossy to narrow-minded to just plain dumb" (Nissen, 2). She has been labeled as "a talkative, frustrated, limited, boring woman, desperately trying to keep her house in order," according to another critic, Kreyling. I do not see this at all in Edna Earle's character. It seems that Edna Earle is in charge of the town gossip. She runs the main hotel in town, her family is very important people in this town, and that is why she gets all of the gossip. Small town's talk about everything. Edna Earle is a strong but lonely woman. I believe that she talks about the town gossip so her listener will stay with her. That way she is not left alone. Another critic by the name of Robert Laugbaum says that Edna Earle, " is a bit of a snob, she is opinionated and speaks her mind."I agree with this when Edna Earle speaks of Bonnie Dee Peacock. She talks about Bonnie Dee's intellegence, the way she dresses, and suggests that she is railroad trash. It makes the reader believe that Edna Earle is better than Bonnie Dee. Except, deep down, Edna Earle actually likes Bonnie Dee because when she died, "one of the last things she says is that she misses Bonnie Dee" (Nissen, 4). In the article "Seeing through Edna Earle: The Ponder Heartas a Dramatic

Johannes Vermeer: the Procuress and Woman Holding a Balance

Johannes Vermeer: The Procuress and Woman Holding a Balance Johannes Vermeer was born in 1632 in the Dutch city of Delft where he lived his whole life. His early childhood has not been documented; however, he was the son of a silk worker. It is suspected that at an early age, Vermeer took apprenticeship under a man named LeonartBramer, a local artist. Vermeer created his first painting in 1656called, The Procuress,Oil on Canvas,which appears hanging on the wall in some of his later paintings(Wheelock).In his twenties, Vermeer was wealthy enough to own a large house with an attached inn, he probably sold paintings here. When his father died in 1952, it is assumed that Vermeer inherited his father’s business (National Gallery of Art). Vermeer was married in 1653 to a woman of the Catholic religion, Catharina Bolenes. It is suggested that Vermeer might have converted to Catholicism in order to marry the young woman. Vermeer was raised as a protestant by his parents as he was bapt ized in 1632 in the Reformed Church of Delft (Konig).It might have also been a possibility that the parents of the maiden convinced Vermeer to become Catholic in order to marry their daughter to him. A particular painting called, The Allegory of Faith. Oil on Canvas, was a very religious painting made by Vermeer in approximately 1670. Having 14 children by his wife, four of them died at birth(Wheelock). Vermeer painted approximately 35 paintings his whole career. Most of his paintings were interior style paintings with people portrayed in them. His first paintings were mainly historical paintings.Later on in his life, he produced mostly interiors with just one or two people contained in them, mostly women. Most of these paintings featured either a woman alone by herself completing some sort of everyday task or a very symbolic painting such as Woman Holding a Balance. c. 1664. Oil on Canvas, which will be discussed later. Often the light enters Vermeer's paintings from a window. He w as quite a well-organized artist when it came to the way light is depicted as bouncing off of the objects contained within his paintings(National Gallery of Art). Vermeer became a member of the local guild in 1653; a guild is a sort of lub or apprenticeship program for painters in the early modern Europe region. Some of Vermeer’s first works were historical or religious in nature when he first joined the local guild (Wadum). It seems that Vermeer’s style changed a few years after joining the guild into what we now know his works as, interior paintings of figures. Vermeer was highly recognized in Delft as a well-established artist, however, he was sparsely known elsewhere while he was still alive(Scottish National Gallery). In the final stages of Vermeer’s life, he was heavily in debt.This was probably attributed to the invasion of the Dutch Republic, in which, Delft was located, by the French. This sent the economy into a downward spiral and many people did not have the money or the need to buy art. The lack of sales of his artwork made Vermeer and his wife become heavily indebted. In 1675, probably induced by the rough economic times, Vermeer died and was buried in Delft, he was 43 years old (National Gallery of Art). Vermeer’s wife auctioned off a couple of his paintings after his death in order to pay for the debts that the family owed. Mrs.Vermeer also filed for bankruptcy so that she could recover from the heavy debt burden which was left from her husband. The ending to Vermeer’s life seems like a sad story, however, centuries later his work went recognized globally(Liedtke). Many of Vermeer’s paintings were not even credited to him until 200 years after his death. A French critic in 1866 declared most of the 35 paintings we know to be created by Vermeer today as his originals. It seems that Vermeer’s paintings never left the small town of Delft until a couple hundred years after his death(Wheelock).Today, one may recognize Vermeer’s paintings all around the world and we celebrate his delicate balance of light and tones to create mostly quiet and peaceful paintings. The Procuress. c. 1656. Oil on Canvas,was one of Vermeer’s first paintings and it is also one of the most controversial because many scholars believe that Vermeer himself is pictured in this painting because of the style in which the smiling young man is inserted into the painting. The figure of a smiling young man seems to be inserted into the left hand side of a sort of provocative scene, this figure is assumed to be Vermeer.The setting seems to be in a dimly lit room with the background having a cave or tavern like appearance to it. The background is gray and sort of blurred with one dimly lit light that radiates out of the background from behind a person. One person is dressed in black with a hood wrapped around his head and appears both between the background and in the foreground adding the feel of dept h to the painting. It is hard to tell what this person’s gender is except that he seems to be gawking at a woman across the painting, therefore, one may assume the person must be male.There are four people that appear in this painting. The people, starting from the left side of the painting are: first, the supposed Vermeer himself, second, the man dressed in black in the background behind everyone else, third, a man who may have been in the military and lastly, a woman upon whom all the men, except Vermer, are gawking. The theme of the painting seems to be a drunken scene in which men are paying a woman to perform provocative things. The man dressed in red appears to be in the military because of his hat and the fact that most people in the military during this time wore red.His long brown hair is covered by a hat which appears either dirty or is colored brown. The hat seems to have a ribbon wrapped around it and a feather sticking from it; it seems to be one of the typical D utch hats of this era. The man’s long flowing red coat has a gold stripe which runs down each sleeve. As one’s eyes follow down this man’s sleeve, which seems to be the natural flow of the painting,one may reach the center or focal point of the painting. The man in the red coat is holding out a golden coin in the kind of hand gesture that indicates that he is about to flip the coin out of his hand.Then, one may follow the view down below the centered coin and see a woman, who is sitting in front of the red coated man, holding out her hand as if she is about to receive the golden coin that the red coated man is about to flip out of his hand. Looking at the woman, she is wearing a bright yellow sweater and a white bonnet. Her right breast is being handled by the man wearing the red coat. The man is either paying the woman to fondle her breast or for some kind of later services. In the woman’s right hand she is holding a glass, probably containing some kind of alcohol, due to the nature of the scene.Immediately next to the woman’s glass, sits a fancy looking vase or pitcher of some sort. In the foreground, is a fancy carpet with painted leaves of gold, flowing red lines and black symbols appear to be draped over a rail which covers all of the figure’s legs. Over this carpet, on the left side, directly in front of Vermeer is someone’s long overcoat draped over the rail and the carpet. As we come back to the supposed figure of Vermeer, appearing on the left side, we notice in his hand a glass filled with alcohol.We can come to the conclusion that the glass contains alcohol because he is holding his glass up as if giving a toast. His smile seems to be like that of happy drunken man. He must be enjoying the company of the woman pictured across the painting and also his alcoholic beverage. He seems to be the narrator of the painting as he is the only figure starring directly at the viewer (Wheelock). All lines and shape s of this colorful, yet dark back grounded painting seem to be flowing outward in all directions from the center point or core of the painting.The core of the painting is the golden coin being transacted into the woman’s hand as all objects seem to flow from it. As Vermeer’s first painting, The Procuress. c 1656. Oil on Canvas, is very flowing and action-packed. The last painting the writer will discuss is also by Johannes Vermeer. Woman Holding a Balance. c. 1664. Oil on Canvas, contained in the text book on p. 65 (Getlein). This quiet, sort of still, painting seems very simple at first glance. A woman in a dark room appearing to play with a scale and the only light coming through a small window makes for a sort of calm, peaceful painting.However, it is not as quiet and peaceful as it appears at first glance. The jeweler’s balance is the core of the painting as it is in the dead center of the painting with a small amount of light reflected off its metal edges f rom the window. The jeweler’s balance is also the object of the theme of the painting which is a question of life’s vanities balanced against the coming judgment(Getlein). After taking one’s eyes off of the jeweler’s balance,one may follow down to the table beneath and see the light reflected off of golden or pearl necklaces and other types of jewels.On the left side of the painting,one may see a mirror with light reflected from it directly, in front of the woman. If she looked up she would be able to see herself. Than we see the window’s light flow in onto the woman, and also a painting hanging on the wall behind the woman. The painting is very dark looking, but upon further examination, it is the seen to be the Last Judgment and Jesus in the painting is depicted as directly over the woman’s head. The woman is either fat or pregnant. According to Getlein, her form is that of a pregnant woman and the writer agrees. Her face and arms are oo s kinny in proportion to her body, if she were just overweight. She is wearing a black and white garment that looks similar to a winter coat with a hood over her head. She is wearing this coat over her long, flowing dress. The lines of this painting flow from the window to the jeweler’s balance, down to the jewels, up to the woman’s face and beyond to the painting of the Last Judgment. The background of this painting contains a grey wall with the painting of the last judgment contained on it and the light from the window shining across both the wall and the painting.One may barely notice the painting contained within this painting at first glance, except for, the slight glimmer of light upon the right side of the frame. The darkness of this painting may indicate to the viewer that the coming judgment encroaches upon a person quickly and that one may do well to notice the object of the painting, within the painting, which is the coming Savior. The foreground of the painti ng is the pregnant woman; a table and jewelslayingon the table and in front of it, represent the objects of vanity.The idea of the painting is supposed to be birth, death and the balancing of objects of vanity against things that matter like one’s ultimate judgment by Christ. The mirror also reveals a personal evaluation. This mirror is symbolic of one’s self-knowledge, the writer supposes that this self-knowledge is the knowledge of what a person knows is right and wrong and their choice between the two. The writer believesthe ultimate message of this painting to be that one must balance their everyday lives and not get too caught up in the everyday riches of life.Things which are eternal and unseen matter more than the objects one sees glimmering in the sunlight of the window, at any given moment. The way that the room appears totally dark, except for, the small amount of sunlight shining through the window, the way that the light reflects upon the woman and shines o ff of the jewels and the frame of the Last Judgment, the way that the light scatters throughout the painting makes this one of the most interesting and captivating works by Vermeer.The way Vermeer makes the picture appear dark at first glance, but then, gently and with flow, one is able to see all the objects contained within. A delicate balance of light and dark truly brings the theme of this painting to life out of its overall gloominess. In conclusion, the writer has chosen this artist because he was impressed with Vermeer’sWoman Holding a Balance. c. 1664. Oil on Canvas. He was impressed with the symbolism of the painting, the flow of it and the realistic nature it presents.He then chose another interesting work by Vermeer and analyzed it and became impressed with Vermeer’s The Procuress. c. 1656. Oil on Canvas. Upon further study of Vermeer, the writer is glad he has chosen such a talented artist of this era. The writer is amazed with the progression of skill that Vermeer seemed to have accomplished from his first painting, The Procuress. c. 1656. Oil on Canvas to one of his latter day paintings Woman Holding a Balance. c. 1664. Oil on Canvas. The progressions of symbolism as Vermeer’s life had matured are reflected in his paintings.The writer has noticed that in the early stages of Vermeer’s career, he tended to paint more provocative styled works, whereas, as he matured his paintings became gentler, quaint and often had religious themes. It is interesting to note that like Vermeer’s life, one often finds their own life to be progressing into maturity as the years move on. The writer is glad that Vermeer has documented his maturity, unknowingly, through his works of art. Works Cited Getlein, Mark. Living with Art, 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2010. pp. 64-65 Koning, Hans. 1977. The World of Vermeer.Time-Life Books, New York Liedtke, Walter. â€Å"The Cambridge Companion to Vermeer (Cambridge Companions to the History of Art). † 2001. Essential Vermeer. com. 11 September 2012 ;http://www. essentialvermeer. com/cat_about/christ. html;. National Gallery of Art. Vermeer- Biography. n. d. 04 September 2012 ;http://www. nga. gov/feature/vermeer/bio. shtm;. National Gallery of Scotland. Johannes Vermeer Biography. n. d. 01 September 2012 ;http://www. artbible. info/art/large/169. html;. Scottish National Gallery. â€Å"The Young Vermeer. † n. d. National Galleries. org. 05 September 2012

Indian Education by Sherman Alexie Reading Response

Indian Education Reading Responses 1. The overarching tone of this piece is shamefully miserable. Sherman Alexie conveys this by using negative diction, for example; Alexie begins his first grade excerpt by saying, â€Å"My hair was short and the U. S. Government glasses were horn-rimmed, ugly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The author uses the word ‘ugly’ to indicate young Alexie lacks in self confidence and is ashamed of his appearance. Alexie continues on saying, â€Å"†¦ in school the other Indian boys chased me from one corner of the playground to the other.They pushed me down, buried me in the snow until I couldn’t breathe, thought I’d never breathe again. † He was miserable since the day he started school, that’s sad. The phrase â€Å"couldn’t breathe, thought I’d never breathe† makes me feel hopeless and vulnerable all at once. As the school years goes by, nothing seems to change except Alexie no longer gets physically hurt. H e still feels ashamed and dejected from his own tribe. He will always be a misfit. 2. Three examples of satire: * Fifth Grade: satirizes young Indians access to drugs as an escape route from their misery.Uses imagery to show the beauty of drugs. There is also sarcasm at the very end, â€Å"Oh, do you remember those sweet, almost innocent choices that the Indian boys were forced to make? † Horatian satire. * Sixth Grade: Satirizes the young Indians who lack in self confidence. He uses Caustic wit when he said, â€Å"Always throw the first punch. † An Epiphany to defend oneself. I believe it is horatian satire. * Eight Grade: Satire that the anorexic and bulimic girls are no better than himself. Hyperbole is used to show both â€Å"grew skinny from self pity. † Juvenilia satire.

Reproductive System

Divisions of pituitary glands, hormones secreted by each Anterior Pituitary (dehydrogenation's) GHZ-Growth Hormone Protraction CATCH-Terminologically hormone FISH-Follicle-stimulating hormone LO-Eluting hormone Posterior Pituitary (neurophysiology) DAD-Antipathetic hormone Extinction Structures of Male & Female Reproductive Organs Males: Vass Deferent urethra Penis Glands Penis Prepuce (foreskin) Seminal Vesicle Ejaculatory duct Prostate Gland Polyurethane Gland Epidermis Testis Scrotum Female: Ovary uterusEndometrial Anemometry Promethium (Pentium) Cervix Vagina Fallopian Tube Production of Sperm 1 . Testes 2. Epidermis 3. Vass deferent 4. Seminal Vesicle 5. Prostate gland 7. Urethra 8. Penis 9. Chromosome, #, gender determination 10. Zygote: 46 chromosomes (23 from egg, 23 from sperm) 11. Gender is determined at conception by the sperm (x) 12. Congenital vs†¦ Hereditary Disease Congenital Disease: conditions are present at the time of birth Hereditary Disease: genetically tran smitted 13. Mechanism of the Birth Control Pill 14. Is a pharmacological agent that contains estrogen & progesterone.As the load levels of estrogen & progesterone increase, negative feedback inhibits the secretion of FISH by the anterior pituitary. This process prevents ovulation, no egg means no baby. 15. Endocrine Glands & Hormones secreted by each 16. Each gland are ductless glands, they secrete hormones directly into the blood and not into ducts Pituitary Glands-GHZ, Protraction, CATCH, FISH, LO, TTS, DAD, extinction Hypothalamus-releases a releasing hormone Pineal Gland-melatonin Thyroid -collocation, Thyroxin (TO), Trinitrotoluene (TO) Parathyroid-parathyroid hormone Thymus-thymine Adrenals-epinephrine, morphogenesis, lodestone, corticalOvaries-estrogen & progesterone Pancreas-insulin & clangor Testes-Testosterone 17. Fertilization-gestation steps 18. The fertilized egg is called a zygote, zygote is the first cell off new individual. The zygote begins to divide, forming a clus ter of cells, that slowly makes its way thru the fallopian tube towards uterus. 19. Hyper & Hypoglycemia, symptoms Hyperglycemia: Excessive thirst Fruity odor in breath Excretion of large volume of urine Excessive eating Hypoglycemia: Fainting Weakness 20. 1. 24. 25. 26. 27. Uterine Cycle Loss of a part of the endometrial lining & blood The Proliferation Phase: The inner lining thickens & becomes vascular, primarily in response to estrogen The Secretors Phase: The endometrial lining is becoming lush & moist from increased secretors activity, the secretors phase is dominated by progesterone 28. Ovarian Cycle: 29. Phases: follicular phase & ululate phase The ululate phase of the ovarian cycle begins immediately after ovulation & is dominated by the secretion of progesterone by the corpus lutetium In the nonappearance state the corpus lutetium deteriorates In the pregnant state the corpus lutetium stays alive because of human chronic intimidation (hug) During follicle phase the ovarian follicle mature & secretes estrogen 30. Cushing syndrome 31 . Hyperactive adrenal; deterioration Moon face Buffalo Facial hair Easily bruises 32.Grave's Disease 33. Hyperthyroidism; characterized by an increase in heart rate, increase in peristalsis resulting in diarrhea, elevation in body temperature, hyperactivity, weight loss & wide emotional mood swings 34. Insulin & Cellophane Fax Insulin: Secreted by beta cells of the islets of Lanterns; helps regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, & fats; lowers blood glucose levels Cellophane: Secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Lanterns; raises blood glucose levels 35.Vermin & Langue Vermin Cases: The skin is covered by a white, cheese-like substance. Thought to protect the delicate fetal skin from the amniotic fluid. Langue: When the fetus grows, its skin becomes covered by a fine downy hair 36. 37. 39. 40. Gestational Stages (pregnancy) 41. The time of prenatal developmental: Normal gestation period lasts 38 weeks o r about 9 moss. Divided into trimesters: 1st semesters: months 2nd trimester: months 4,5,6 3rd trimesters: months,8,9 42. Iatrogenic Agents Drugs Alcohol Radiation Thalidomide

Gender Equality and Islam Essay

Islam believes that a woman is not merely subject to man rather she has her own separate and complete entity in all respects. She has an equal right to that of a man to nourish her religions faculties, serve her faith, acquire education, get a job, do business, own something and benefit herself from it and prove her creativity in an enterprise. She is master of herself in all respects. The religious aspect of this fact is described in the Quran as under: â€Å"For muslim men and women, for believing men and women; for devout men and women; for men and women who are patient, for men and women who humble themselves; for men and women who give charity’ for men and women who fast; for men and women who guard their chastity, and for men and women who remember Allah much- for them all has God prepared forgiveness and a great reward† (Al – Ahzab 33, verse 55) The characteristics mentioned in the above Quranic Verse are ten in number. These characteristics cover all aspe cts of Islam, Islamic conduct and behaviorism related to the rights of God and of human beings too. The above verse makes it clear that there is no distinction between a man and a woman in terms of worships of God, obedience to Him and the place in the life after death. In fact there is no distinction on the basis of gender. The Quran has laid down the following principle in connection with acquisition of wealth â€Å"For men is a portion of what they earn and for women is a portion of what they earn â€Å"(Al-Nisa 4, Verse32) The Sura â€Å"Al-Nisa† basically deals with matters relating to money and other issues that emerge out of the relationship of man and woman in different capacities in a family; Immediately after the above quoted verse an article from the law of legacy has been described and next comes the instructions about the mutual contacts of a husband and a wife. Hence the context makes it clear that the above mentioned verse is related to the worldly life and that a woman has equal rights to that of a man like acquiring education, doing job or a business, deal of a property and even develop her personality. There are several other Quranic verses which make it clear that there is no distinction between man and a woman on any grounds except in the bearing of a responsibility (the detail would come in later pages). Both are human beings and both have rights and privileges. God says: â€Å"I will deny no man or woman among you the rewards of their labours. You are the offspring of one another† (Al-Imran 3: Verse: 195) Through Sura Al-Tawba, God has declared all Muslim men and women as friends, companions and helpers of each other. Thus women are, in no way inferior to men rather they are friends of men and are equal to them. (However, in terms of responsibilities there can be classification, like a doctor and a teacher, under special circumstances): â€Å"The true believers, both men and women, are equal friends to each other. They enjoin what is just and forbid what is evil; they attend to their prayers and pay the Zakat and obey Allah and His Apostle. On these Allah will have merc y. He is Mighty, Wise.†(Al-Tawba 9, verse71) This is why during the prophetic period women used to acquire both religious and worldly education, do farming, take part in trade and industry and manage their wealth and property; About Aisha, the wife of the Holy Prophet, everyone knows that she has related and confirmed 2210 Hadiths (Prophet’s sayings) (Sadarat-ul-Zahab: vol.1) The books based on the compilations of the history of the days of the companions of the Apostle reveal the stories of innumerable females who had mastery over different fields of the religious knowledge rather several eminent scholars attained the knowledge of Islam from them. It was a general practice during those days people used to seek guidance from the wives of the Apostle in the matters of religion. There were besides the wives of the Apostle, certain other women too who earned repute in this field. Rabi-Bint-I-Mauz was one such famous scholar and the outstanding scholars of Islam like Abdullah-b in-Abass and Abdullah Bin Umar had been her students. Several people have related certain Hadiths through her reference. These include Salman Bin Yasir, Abad Bin walid and Nafei-Bin-Umar etc. Fatima Bint-I-Qais had been the tutor of the prominent scholars like Ibn-e-Maseeb, Urwa Bin Zubair and Shabi. (Al-Astaayab-fil-Asam-ul-Sahab) Ayesha the daughter of Saad Bin Abi-Waqas was remarkable scholar and had educated Imam Malik, Ayub Sakhtiami and Hakam Bin Ataiba. (Tazeeb-ul-tazeeb Vol. 12) Imam Shafi, the eminent jurist learnt the knowledge of Hadith from the Syeda Nafisa, the grand daughter of Hasan, the grand son of the Apostle. (Wafyat-ul-Aayam-al-Ibn-khalkan Vol 2) Same was the case of the worldly knowledge and wisdom. For example among the female companions of the Apostle several were poetess like Khansa, Saudah, Safia, Atika, Muridya, Umm-I-Aiman and several others. In the field of medicine and surgery, Rafaza Aslamia, Umm-I-Mutea, umm-I-Kabsa, Hamne Bint-I- Jahsh, Ummi-I-Athiya, Ummai Saleem and several other women won repute. (Tabqat-Ibne-Saeed, Asaba) It was a usual practice among women to get wo rldly knowledge during those days. If their number is not remarkable, it was due to lack of resources. Some ordinary women knew how to read and write and even could manage small accounts. (Tabqat Ibn-e-Saad Vol-8). Some wrote and reply letters. (Al-Adab-ul Musfi) During those days the women used to do farming and looked after their fields. In Bokhari (the collection of Hadith) Sahl Bin Sasd relates the story of a female companion of the Apostle who owned fields and gardens. She cultivated a vegetable named â€Å"Salq† near the bank of a stream and used to serve Sahl Bin Saad and others with Salq and Maize when they visited every Friday. (Bokhari) The most authenticated books on Hadith like Bokhari, Muslim, Abu-Daud and Ibni Mauja quote the statement of Jabir Bin Abdullah who narrates about her maternal aunt. She was divorced and was going through Iddat (the three months waiting period after divorce during which a woman can’t marry). She desired to sell out the fruit of her garden for her living. She consulted the Apostle who advised her to do so as in that case she would be able to give charity and do something for her redemption. This makes clear that the women, during the prophetic perod used to do farming and trade. According to Bokhari, Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakar, the first pious Caliph and the wife of Zubair used to assist her husband in farming on the fields almost two miles far from her home. Those days the women could freely take part in the trade and business activities. The most respectable woman in Muslim Ummah Khadija was a trader. Many female companions of the Apostle like Khaula. Al-khamia, Saqafia and Bint-I-Mukarrama used to trade in perfume. (Asaba-Fi-Tameez-ul-Sahaba Vol-4) Several event related in ‘Tabqat Ibn-I-Saad’ exhibit the fact muslim women during the Prophetic period used to take part in agriculture, trade and industry even without the assistance of their husbands. The wife of Abdullah Bin Masud was a good craftswoman. Once she told the Apostle that she was adept in different crafts and sold out her prepared goods. She inquired if she could spend her money on her husband and children as they have no other source of income. The Apostle told her that she would get a reward from God if she did that. It is also quoted in Al-Asaba Fil Tameez-al Sahabe Vol4) Once a woman named Khaula Bint-e-Saalba had a dispute with her husband. Both of them presented their case before the Apostle who advised the husband to keep himself away from her until the revelation of an instruction from God. At this Khula told the Prophet of God that her husband would’t be able to survive in that case as he was dependent upon her for his living. A woman named Qaila told the Apostle that she was a trader and sought his guidance in the trade matters. Another woman, Amira narrates that once she went to the market along with her maid servant and bought a fish. Ali, the fourth Caliph of Islam was also there who bought that fish from her. There are many such incidents related in ‘Tabqat Ibn-I-Saad Vol 8. The most authentic book on this subject. Souda, the Prophet’s wife was adept in the art of tanning. It is quoted in Bukhari that once her sheep died, she put its skin off, got it tanned and softened it with dates. During that period women performed several tasks collectively as well. The Bokhari kitab-ul-istehsan unfolds that once many women visited the Apostle and requested him to allocate one day in a week for their religious training. The Prophet thus accepted their request. Asma Bint-I-Zahid was good at rhetoric. Once women designated her their representative and sent to the Apostle to make some queries (Al-istaab Fi-Al-Sahab) Women were entrusted with certain responsible positions as well and they proved their worth. For example Umar, the second Caliph of Islam appointed Shafa Bint-e- Abdullah as the Price control officer.

Pyramids at Giza Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Pyramids at Giza - Essay Example Many theories have been proposed to explain how the huge blocks of stone were maneuvered up the 481-foot tall pyramid. Of the many theories proposed two theories have gained prominence and these are the crane theory and the more recently proposed internal ramp theory. The crane theory as explained by Bob Brier in an article from the Archeology Magazine is based on the theory by Herodotus who had visited the pyramids around 450 B.C. He had proposed that machines like cranes were could have been used to raise the stone blocks up the pyramid. In the article Bob Brier further explained that crane-like devices called the shadouf were used to draw water from the Nile for the purpose of irrigation. These devices have been depicted in tomb paintings which further confirm that these were available to the tomb builders. Herodotus proposed that several hundreds of these cranes could have been placed at various points of the pyramid as and when it was erected to facilitate the lifting of the sto ne blocks. However, manufacturing several hundreds of cranes would have required huge quantities of wood and timber was not available in abundance in ancient Egypt. While large amounts of timber were imported during that time for building ships it would have been an expensive task if timber were to be imported for manufacturing these cranes. Another flaw identified with the theory was the lack of space to accommodate the cranes higher up in the pyramid due to the decrease in its size. Thus the crane theory did not provide any substancial evidence on how the pyramids were built. In addition to the crane theory, several ramp theories have also been proposed to explain the construction of the pyramids. Of these the more recent theory on the use of internal ramps to build the top two-thirds of the pyramid has gained wide acceptance. This theory has been presented by Jean-Pierre Houdin who carried out an extensive study of the Great pyramids over the

What Is the Impact of the Media On the Body Image of Girls 16-20 Essay

What Is the Impact of the Media On the Body Image of Girls 16-20 - Essay Example The research has shown that media has a very high impact on the body image of young girls. The influence is so high that they often ending up aspiring to have such bodies and in the process, cause significant damage to their physical and mental well being. Body dissatisfaction can result in a very wide range of unhealthy behaviours. Any factor, such as idealized media images, that proves to be a factor of body dissatisfaction has an influence on the well-being. The notion is deeply imbibed and almost becomes a subconscious conditioning due to the wide exposure to mass media. Hence, it becomes very difficult to move them towards the direction of body satisfaction. The author says that many young girls are not fully aware of the artificiality of the images projected on the media. This leads to desperate attempts and disappointment at failed attempts, until it becomes a vicious cycle. The level of vulnerability as well as immaturity often becomes key factors in deciding the level of impact that each individual faces due to the body images projected by the media. If these young girls are made to understand the difference between, ‘images’ and ‘reality’, then they would move away from the concept of body dissatisfaction. To understand the impact of media among the young girls between the ages of 16 to 20, the research methodology that was used was of personal interviews. A personal interview was carried out individual for thirteen girls based in the UK between the said age group. This group was chosen based on the interest that the girls expressed in talking about the issue, and not based on a random criterion. The person al interview

Culture Is Media and Media Is Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Culture Is Media and Media Is Culture - Essay Example The dependence on the use of media has greatly increased and to a great extent dictates the behavior and ideas followed in a society, in other words dominates the behavior of the culture. Common people are in regular touch with the media and the entertainment that decide their collection of information, ideas as well as opinion that create the human knowledge reflected by his behavior. ‘Culture is media and media is culture’ seems to be pertinent in today’s cultural status of a community where media influences the formation of the cultural activities of different individuals within a community (Pope, 2002). The present study focuses on this particular statement ‘Culture is media and media is culture’ and discusses its relevance based on theory and examples. Understanding the Media Today: In the present times, the media seems to have become a significant issue as considered within a society. If the television medium is taken into account, it is found t hat be it small children, the youth of the older people, or other individuals, they tend to spend long hours in front of the television set. The new media has the ability to target the mindset of the human beings that might even impact the societal behavior of an individual negatively. For example, the televisions being the most common medium, several murders are viewed as part of news, or other television programs. Such programs tend to influence the minds of the smaller children or the youth to the extent that they might follow these acts disregarding their true cultural values. The computer has been obtained as one of the most influential medium generating knowledge and information for the present society that is completely dependent on information for its production, consumption and the economy as a whole (Straubhaar, Larose & Davenport, 2011, pp.11-15). The modern media has its presence reflected in almost every issue within a community and hence its behavior and culture. The m odern media form a creation of the mass communication that makes it possible through the internet and the large number of interactive media being available, e.g., television, radio, newspapers, hoardings, and so on. The different problems and issues related to the political and economic factors associated with a society and its inhabitants get attended by the mass media in the present times (Aikat, n.d.). The media can actually be found to be present in all aspects of today’s communication and knowledge gain purposes. Human beings tend to depend completely on the sources of media not only to communicate but also to determine their views and opinions that might alter their cultural views as well. The Impact of Media on Culture: Communication has always been the most important activity in spreading one’s views, opinions and beliefs to engage others in similar thoughts. In the present day society, communicating only with few close people may not work if a revolutionary ch ange is desired or changes in cultural aspects are required. The mass media plays its significant role in this regard. The spread of cultural views from a single point of origin to an entire community is referred as the phenomenon of diffusion. The features of culture include almost all habits that any human being follows in their normal lives. For example, the food habits, the dress that an individual wears, his/her beliefs in any particular religion, the language that he/she speaks

Nullfication crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nullfication crisis - Essay Example discussion, but more specifically, it will concern the Southern and South-western States, most notably South Carolina, who felt that the Tariff of 1828 was unjust. It is interesting to question precisely how this crisis came about and how it affected these Southern states, exploring the events lending up to 1832, and reflecting upon the results of the compromising measures that attempted to solve the crisis. Moreover, my purpose in what follows is to explore how South Carolina was involved in the Nullification Crisis more than her sister Southern states. Nullification was first introduced in 1789 by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, in which both states defied the Alien and Sedition Act, claiming they should have the right to nullify the law. However, regarding the issues surrounding South Carolina, it was John Calhoun who again brought up idea of nullification in 1832, as an alternative to the state’s threat to secede. The reason for South Carolina to call a state convention to nullify certain laws was due to the issue of a protection tariff, and the fact that the federal government ignored their protest and continued to collect these tariff duties. As maintained by John G. Van Deusen; ‘in 1832, the tariff question was most prominent in the minds of South Carolinians,’ but they also ‘complained of sectional discrimination in federal appropriations.’1 To understand how the tariff bill came to be a leading problem in the Nullification Crisis, what accounted f or the gradual build of opposition between the North and the South, and how it involved the former Vice-President, Calhoun, the events leading up 1832 must be explored. The protective tariff was a tax on imports, a high duty that was advocated on all goods that could be produced in sufficient quantity in the United States. In the tariff bill of 1816, protection was admitted as an incidental feature only, and the raising of revenue made the predominant

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example The company was small and everyone was close. Aside from good working relationships, the company encouraged employees to develop close interpersonal relationships by holding activities that required family participation. The company observed a â€Å"Family Day† wherein employees can bring spouse and children. This created a positive vibe in everyone since the company believed that employees work hard for their family’s future. Because of this culture, employees were more open, honest, caring and committed to the company. Case ( 1996 ) argues that culture plays an important role in influencing the behavior of employees, so much that it is given much attention in the workplace. The culture of Family Day in my former workplace created a shared meaning that provides positive reinforcement to the employees in a non-monetary way. The employees cherish and nurture their working experience which tremendously manifested in terms of productivity. Once an employee finds his work and organization meaningful, he goes for the extra mile as a token of appreciation to the company. This rubs down on the customer service exemplified by the crew which customers can’t help notice. Question 2: Demonstrate how theories of motivation from this course, if applied in an organization, could increase employee performance. Cite relevant examples from outside sources and/or your course materials to complete this question. (Course Outcome 2) The motivation-hygiene theory by Herzberg is one theory of motivation when properly applied in the workplace could increase employee performance. Although this theory has many criticisms, managers can use this by giving more job responsibilities to their employees since this theory assumes that people like responsibility. Also, management can think twice before drawing up additional incentive plans or benefits since these things do not necessarily enhance performance. Rather, management can and should plan carefully what motivates the

Representation of New Zealand masculinity in beer advertising Essay

Representation of New Zealand masculinity in beer advertising - Essay Example This "Representation of New Zealand masculinity in beer advertising" essay outlines the connection between traditional New Zealand's sports games, masculinity and how media used this in a beer commercial. During peace times rugby was one of the sporting events in which the Kiwis took pride. Rugby gave a feeling of masculinity and enhanced manhood to the Kiwis in the early years. When Edmund Hillary along with tensing reached the world’s highest peak, it was taken as an expression of New Zealand’s Anglo-Saxon manhood. He depicted colonial honesty. This Kiwi hero had a warm and caring heart who dedicated his life to the concern and welfare of the people of the Himalayas. Peter Snell, a gold medalist at the Rome Olympics, became the personification of Kiwi manhood. He too had immense muscular strength and was extremely modest. These were connected with masculinity but along with these, the culture of beer and alcohol added to the image of manhood. The New Zealand man had an image of being strong, resilient, and modest. He could hold his own drink, yarn with his mates, and eventually settle down as a family man. Hence, beer, alcohol, muscles, murder, adventurous activities, was all associated with masculinity. What added to the image was that after all this, such a man was even a successful family man. These ‘good keen men’ of Barry Crump won secret admiration from the male counterparts. As family bond strengthened in New Zealand, men started identifying themselves with the traditional heroes and the male culture.

Principles of Database Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principles of Database Design - Essay Example At the same time, it retains value system integrity and competitive advantage. The plan is a framework for continual operations under adverse circumstances such as crime or disaster. A disaster recovery plan is a document created to protect a business IT infrastructure in case of a disaster. It comprehensively specifies the actions a business should take before, during and after the disaster Disaster recovery plans take place as a compartment of defining the steps undertaken in business continuity planning. The physical and logical units in an IT environment that necessitate the application of business continuity procedures include internal and external disk storage, microcode and firmware, disk partitions and networking design. The database design principles employed in disaster recovery entail: creating baseline specifications for primary systems e.g. PBX system and secondary systems like call centre or voicemail, determining how and if the system would interfere with the existing systems, establishing who will be using the system and whether network assets are necessary, determining database security, change control requirements (Blokdija et al, 2008). A database-oriented product can be designed depending on the business continuity or disaster recovery activity to be performed- single location or system, maintenance, risk assessment and incident response plans.  E-commerce is accelerating the necessity of shorter recovery points and times and greater concentration on dedicated recovery solutions. Business enterprises are more systematized for business continuity planning as a result of greater risks. Many emerging technologies are designed to increase business continuity elasticity, reduce recovery times and reduce expenses. Manufacturers are introducing emergency backup programs into the market to facilitate an increase in CPU capacity during emergency conditions. The increases are stable and paid for per consumption.

Hobbes and Locke Essay Example for Free

Hobbes and Locke Essay Thomas Hobbes and John Locke are indeed, two of the most brilliant philosophers that ever existed. They may have similarities and differences between them, but it is undeniable that their ideas contributed a lot in shaping the modern world. Both Hobbes and Locke perceive man as a central figure in a society. For Hobbes, it is man’s nature to be mindful of him exclusively, with self-interest going above everything else. On the other hand, Locke perceives man as both self-interested and concerned about other people. The two really have similarities and differences, but in order to know more about them, we need to compare their stand about various aspects of society. One important aspect that we could consider is sovereignty (Williams, 2006). Hobbes made it clear in his Leviathan that a political society’s sole task was to identify a person or a group as the sovereign. This pertains to an election of some sort, which would determine who would be the sovereign. Hobbes regards this sovereign as someone with absolute power, and that every person in the society should give him/them their absolute obedience. For Hobbes, the only time that the people would be sovereign is when they choose who will be the distinguished sovereign of all. Locke on the other hand, would put the public good above all else, thus affecting his notion of sovereignty (John Locke, 2004). In Locke’s Second Treatise of Government, he recognizes the permanence and irrevocability of the social contract, but this limits the legislation only for public good. If and whenever the public trust is violated, say perhaps the people in power overlooked the public good, then they would have to answer to the people. They retained the power to remove or replace the legislative, considered to be sovereign, with a new legislative. Though it is unclear in Locke’s writings, he somehow deposits sovereignty in the people. He recognizes the sovereignty that a legislative may have, but still, it is in the hands of the people to correct any inappropriate actions that violate the public good. Another aspect that we could use to compare Locke and Hobbes is their idea about government. But before that, we need to consider first how these two look at the natural law that all men follow. For Hobbes, man follows a naturally law that eventually leads to a state of war. Their equality leads to conflict between each other, eventually leading to war and chaos. Locke on the other hand, would consider man’s natural law as a movement towards equality and freedom. Both men draw their ideas about the government from their concept of natural law. For Hobbes, government is important because it can be used to control natural law. For Locke on the other hand, government is important in order to preserve natural law. In relation to this, another aspect that we can consider in comparing Hobbes and Locke is their idea about rights. Thomas Hobbes believed that the natural law that man follows result from the rights possessed by each person to do everything in the world. Since they’re allowed to do whatever they want because of the rights they possess, conflict would be unavoidable. In order to avoid this state of war, man follows a social contract in order to create a civil society. This requires them to forfeit or cede some of their natural rights in order to be protected. This somehow controls them from exercising all of their rights, but somehow protecting them from the impending destruction that results from conflicts and wars. As for John Locke, he believes that all of us possess Natural Rights, which is brought about by the state of nature that we follow in the society. These include the right to life, liberty, and property. Both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke believe that all men are equal according to the natural law. For Hobbes however, this equality is seen in a state of war, caused by man’s right to everything. These rights lead them into conflict and boils down to chaos. Still, Hobbes believe that this state of war to be an equal field, wherein the weakest can still kill the strongest. There is no one above others in this state of war. He also believes that all man is sensible by nature, and can agree upon each other to avoid these constant wars. Locke on the other hand, sees man optimistically, wherein they are governed according to reason, thus coexisting equally and peacefully. They are all equal in terms of the rights they possess, thus putting them on the same level as everyone else. Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both agree on the importance of civilizing man. It either control or preserve natural law, either way, it is beneficial. Putting this on the idea of â€Å"the savage†, we can see that they give emphasis on the importance of civilizing man because it makes him better. We can say that for these two, man can’t do away with the social establishments that he created, including the government and their notion of sovereignty, as it preserves and promote order in the society, something that both philosophers can somehow agree upon.